What ever happened to that Republican "big tent" that was supposed to welcome those with differing ideas?

Some members of the Florida Senate are questioning where the tent went and why they are being made to feel like lepers by the Christian right wing.

FEMA officials have steadfastly denied that politics played any role in their assistance to Florida.

Garcelon's memo, and a subsequent state assessment that FEMA was cutting checks without asking "for much information of any kind," suggest otherwise. The documents may not be smoking guns, but there's a lot of smoke swirling around FEMA right now.

In newspapers, on the Internet, on television and outside the Capitol, conservative critics have lambasted Bush's perceived weakness.

"The governor blinked," said Randall Terry, founder of Operation Rescue, a group that opposes abortion. "We can only hope the governor is huddling with his attorneys and he is determined with his constitutional authority to enforce the statutes."

TV evangelist Pat Robertson said: "The governor can do it, if he wants to. I don't know why in the world they didn't take custody away" from Michael Schiavo.

A review of data compiled by the Office of the State Court Administrator reflecting all civil suits filed in Florida between 1986 and 2003 shows the total number of cases - with one exception - tracks population growth.

Florida has more than 300 charter schools. Scores more are expected to open in the fall .... about a third of the schools now open are operating at a deficit.

With all the heady news of late regarding the state's improving economy, it might be easy to assume that life is growing measurably better for most of Florida's homeless and hungry residents.

If only that were true.

Judge Theotis Bronson ruled there was no evidence of pervasive irregularities involving absentee ballots alleged to have been illegally collected for suspended Mayor Buddy Dyer.

The court ruling is a victory for Dyer, though it's not a part of the criminal case that led to his arrest and suspension by Gov. Jeb Bush two weeks ago. Still, lawyers for Dyer and the city said the judge's ruling could help his defense in the criminal case, as well.

"I'm extremely pleased with the result," Dyer said. "As I've said all along, we would work through the process instead of playing the case out in the media -- as my opponent has done -- and be vindicated once the court had a chance to look at the facts."

Bush may have brought criticism on himself by raising hopes among some fervent supporters of reconnecting Schiavo's feeding tube.

At a hastily called news conference on Wednesday, the governor and Lucy Hadi, secretary of the Department of Children and Families, said they were reviewing their options under a law that allows the state to move a vulnerable adult to state custody.

As several national cable channels carried the session live, Bush and his aides seemed blindsided by a basic question: Did Bush believe he had the authority to take custody of Schiavo?

"We want to make sure that we're carefully saying exactly what the authority is," Bush said.

His legal counsel, Raquel Rodriguez, quickly added that the state "could take protective custody of Mrs. Schiavo, and I'll leave it at that."

Despite his protestations of interest and conscience with respect to the assault on Terri Schiavo’s constitutional rights, Jeb Bush has consistently failed to act on his clear and direct responsibility to defend the integrity of Florida’s constitution.

Whether from timidity or political calculation, he has pretended that legislative action is required to authorize his action, even in the face of consistent proof that the legislature is powerless against a determined and ruthless application of judicial prerogative.

The law's delay must cost Terri Schiavo her life, which is precisely the reason executive power in America is entrusted to single executives, rather than to plural deliberative bodies.

When time is of the essence, necessity authorizes the executive to safeguard the security of the constitution before citizens and the polity suffer irreversible damage.

Terri Schiavo's survival depends on Gov. Bush's faithful execution of this responsibility, and the survival of American self-government on the willingness of all those in a like position to faithfully execute the duties of their high office.

In times like these, calculating politicians are not good enough. Enlightened statesmen are needed at the helm. God help us if we do not soon choose to find them there.

Republicans said privately that the Schiavo case had put Nelson in an awkward political spot, particularly after GOP leaders on Capitol Hill sought to intervene on Schiavo’s behalf. While the Democrat doesn’t want to be accused of siding with Schiavo’s husband, Michael, and ending her life — inflaming conservatives — he also doesn’t want to support congressional action considered to be intrusive by his liberal base, Republicans said.

Nelson opposed two measures meant to save Schiavo’s life, including one co-sponsored by Martinez, but backed a third bill because it was more narrowly tailored to the case at hand, Nelson spokesman Dan McLaughlin said.

Cyber-savvy cities across Central Florida are eager to bring wireless Internet to the masses [for free or at very low cost]. From Port Orange to St. Cloud, wi-fi is seen as a vital service, like electricity or the telephone. And city officials want to be the ones providing it to their residents.

But three bills working their way through the Florida Legislature would effectively block local governments from fulfilling their cyber mission.

A state judge refused today to hear Gov. Jeb Bush's arguments to take custody of Terri Schiavo, leaving the brain-damaged woman's parents with only the slimmest hopes in their fight to keep her alive.

Bush's request cited new allegations of neglect and challenges Schiavo's diagnosis as being in a persistent vegetative state, but Pinellas Circuit Judge George Greer wasn't convinced.

Greer's decision came hours after the U.S. Supreme Court refused to order her feeding tube reinserted.

After a series of legal and legislative setbacks to efforts to resume the feeding of Terri Schiavo, Gov. Jeb Bush succeeded on Wednesday in getting a state court to hear new motions in her case, presenting an affidavit from a neurologist who said Ms. Schiavo's brain damage appeared less severe than previously thought.

Judge Greer did not rule on their request immediately, but he granted a request from Ms. Schiavo's husband, Michael, to bar the state's Department of Children and Families from removing her from the hospice where she has gone six days without her feeding tube and from providing her with nutrition or hydration.

George Felos, the lawyer for Mr. Schiavo, who had sought to end life support for his brain-damaged wife, said he had heard "credible" rumors that state officials planned to send doctors to the hospice to give Ms. Schiavo intravenous fluids. Judge Greer also directed state sheriffs to take whatever actions were necessary to enforce the order.

The desperate battle to keep Terri Schiavo alive was dealt a number of severe blows Wednesday, leading to a remarkable late-day showdown between a circuit court judge and the governor's office. ...

But by late afternoon, badged state agents were said to be en route to Schiavo's hospice to seize the severely brain-damaged woman and transport her to a hospital to reinsert her tube.

In what may be remembered as a classic face-off between the judiciary and the executive branch, Pinellas-Pasco Circuit Judge George Greer issued an order prohibiting any state agent from touching her.

"You're always going to find me [our Mel] on the side of the underdog."

After casting an anguished vote last week against a bill to keep Terri Schiavo alive, state Sen. Larcenia Bullard said she began to reconsider, thinking to herself: I will not have her death rest on my shoulders.

Word that the Miami Democrat was on the fence spread among protesters who have descended on the Capitol.

But instead of pushing Bullard to their side, the protesters' aggressive tactics pushed her away. When the bill to keep Schiavo alive came up for another vote Wednesday, Bullard again voted not to intervene in Schiavo's case.

Bullard told her colleagues how one group of protesters, initially claiming they were staffers from Gov. Jeb Bush's office, bowed down to her and spoke in tongues in her office Monday. They called her "our Esther," referring to the Old Testament figure who saved the Jews from death.

"I've never been lobbied like that before," a hoarse Bullard said before the Schiavo bill was defeated 21-18. "I figured I better start praying myself because I didn't understand what they were saying.

"They lost my respect, one, because of the lies, and secondly because of the mean-spiritedness I have felt."

One group of protesters wouldn't leave her office. When she said she had to get something to eat, a man shouted she shouldn't get food if Schiavo can't.

U.S. Rep. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen mingles with Miami's most influential business leaders, hoping to cultivate a relationship that could be beneficial for both sides.

Jeb Bush finds himself in a similar situation. If he lets Terri Schiavo die, that is, if he capitulates to the judicial death culture, his political future will turn as cold as it did for Ted Kennedy. The pro-life community has a long memory. This issue should never have gotten to Congress or the president. It could have been taken care of in the sovereign state of Florida by the elected governor.

The Florida Senate passed a bill 38-0 Wednesday that removes the legal expectation that a person should back down or run away in face of a serious threat. They can open fire without fear of criminal charges or civil liability.

The bill also enshrines the castle doctrine, or the right to defend a home against an intruder, in state law. It extends the castle doctrine to the automobile so drivers can shoot carjackers. ...

Arthur Hayhoe of the Florida Coalition to Stop Gun Violence calls it the "Shoot first, ask questions later" bill.

"It's going to turn the street into a shooting gallery," he said.

Gov. Bush continues to embarrass his office and the state with his attempts to prolong the non-life of Terri Schiavo.

State GOP leaders are looking for ways to "circumvent" an expected ruling by the Florida Supreme Court against the state's first school voucher program, a top senator said Wednesday.

Former Senate President Jim King, explaining his long-running attempt to put some financial and academic oversight on the state's voucher programs to a Senate committee, said his staff also is working with other leaders to undo the effects of an anticipated court ruling.

"We are operating under the philosophy that the Supreme Court will rule against us, and we're trying to figure out some way to circumvent it," King told the Senate Government Appropriations Efficiency Committee.

[a]n estimated 533,000 children in Florida do not have health insurance. The state and federally subsidized health insurance program has the money to cover 389,515 children who do not qualify for Medicaid. So why is the Legislature debating whether to fill those slots?

Prosecutors investigating alleged election law violations by suspended mayor Buddy Dyer and a circuit judge have subpoenaed two campaign consultants.

Political consultants Andrew Bott and Todd Hutcheson were subpoenaed Tuesday by special prosecutor Brad King and ordered to answer questions next week. ...

Neither Bott nor Hutcheson was called to testify to the grand jury two weeks ago, when the panel heard from other witnesses. They said they didn't know why they had been subpoenaed to answer questions from prosecutors now, when the grand jury is no longer considering the case.

"I have no idea what they want," Bott said. "I'm in the dark."

Bott worked for Dyer's 2003 campaign, but was not part of his 2004 re-election campaign. He said his duties in '03 included renting a campaign office, providing computer support and overseeing volunteers. But he said he did not work with absentee ballots or with Ezzie Thomas, who has been charged with being paid to collect them.

Likewise, Hutcheson said he didn't work on any absentee ballot program when he worked for Apte's 2002 campaign.

King, the state attorney in the Fifth Circuit based in Ocala, was appointed by Gov. Jeb Bush to handle the case. King would not say why Bott and Hutcheson were subpoenaed or if other subpoenas are pending.

The Florida Legislature on Wednesday took the first formal step toward permanently eliminating runoff elections.

By an 8-3 vote, the House Ethics and Elections Committee approved a bill that would permanently repeal the runoff, a political tradition that dates to the early 1900s but has been suspended for the past 4 years.

The committee's vote sends the bill to the full House. The Senate is expected to consider a similar proposal in the coming weeks.

Pinellas-Pasco Judge George Greer rebuffed Jeb Bush's attempt to take custody of Terri Schiavo, who has gone five days without food or water.

Attorneys for the state filed a motion to take custody of Ms. Schiavo, but the judge, George W. Greer of Pinellas-Pasco Circuit Court, the same one who ordered the tube removed on Friday, turned down the request after a brief hearing late this afternoon.

circulating a "wanted poster" with the picture of nine Republican senators who opposed the bill last week.

But the tactics, including the presence of pro-Schiavo activists throughout the Capitol building, may be backfiring to some extent. Opponents are incensed by the poster and some of the efforts of the protesters and seem more entrenched in their positions.

Florida authorities have filed a new request to intervene in the case of brain-damaged Florida woman Terri Schiavo, arguing that new information suggests her condition may have been misdiagnosed, Gov. Jeb Bush said Wednesday.

A neurologist [a Dr. Cheshire (see post immediately below)] who reviewed Schiavo's medical records for the state Department of Children and Families indicated that she is "most likely in a state of minimal consciousness," rather than the persistent vegetative state previous doctors have diagnosed, Bush said.

extraordinary move, Bush said the Department of Children and Families has filed a legal motion alleging "30 detailed allegations of abuse, neglect or exploitation" that have occurred during Schiavo's stay at a Pinellas Park hospice.

Rebuffed by the courts and unsuccessful in the legislature, state officials may attempt to place Terri Schiavo under protective custody so her feeding tube can be reinserted, The Herald learned this afternoon. ...

Lt. Gov. Toni Jennings and the director of the state social services agency said they were considering an intervention in the controversial and increasingly tangled case -- based on calls alleging that Schiavo is being abused in her hospice.

The abuse allegations are based primarily on the removal of her feeding tube last Friday.

"We're looking at the response to the abuse calls," Jennings said. "You'll probably be hearing more."

She and other state officials said the governor's office is considering using a state law that allows the state to take a vulnerable adult into immediate custody if there is a demonstrated need for protection.

Lucy Hadi, secretary of the Department of Children and Families, said the state investigation into potential abuse is ongoing and the state is required by law to file a petition to bring Schiavo into state care if an emergency exists.

The state does not have to wait for a court to act, she said.

The flurry of 11th-hour action included a dramatic press conference by Bush, in which he revealed a new and more optimistic diagnosis of Schiavo by a doctor who did not fully examine her.

He said that Dr. William Cheshire, a neurologist with the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, concluded that Schiavo may not be in a permanent vegetative state, as determined by many other doctors, but instead may be in a state of "minimal consciousness."

"This new information raises serious concerns warrants immediate attention . . .," the governor said. "It is imperative that she be stablized so that the adult protective services team can fulfill their statutory duty and review all the facts surrounding the case. If there is any uncertainty, we should err on the side of protecting her."

Other state officials said that Cheshire "made personal observations" of Schiavo at an undisclosed time in the past. He stood at her bedside observing her for less than an hour and, two days ago, watched two of the six videotapes in the court's possession, they said.

In fact, I question the validity of the concept of Persistent Vegetative State diagnosis.

The House Committee on Government Reform on Wednesday postponed a hearing at the Florida hospice that houses Terri Schiavo, the brain-damaged woman at the center of a legal and political battle over her fate.

In a last-ditch effort to keep Terri Schiavo's feeding tube in place last week, the committee issued subpoenas for her, her husband and three hospice administrators to appear. The hearing was initially scheduled for Friday.

As the second hurricane in less than a month bore down on Florida last fall, a federal consultant predicted a "huge mess" that could reflect poorly on President Bush and suggested that his re-election staff be brought in to minimize any political liability, records show. ...

The governor's office finally released the documents Friday, after threat of a lawsuit by the newspaper.

Democrats in Washington said the records confirm suspicions that the federal government used the hurricanes to funnel money to Florida, a key battleground state in the presidential election. "They weren't really asking for information, yet they were just doling out this money like it was Christmas," said Lale Mamaux, spokeswoman for U.S. Rep. Robert Wexler, D-Boca Raton.

the emergence of Florida as a national harbinger of political trends and issues.

[O]ver the last 10 years, Florida has finally taken its place alongside California as one of the leading predictors of the political future. No longer a sleepy Southern state, retiree haven or rising Sunbelt state, Florida is now a certified, cutting edge trendsetter when it comes to national policy.

Date of Appointment: July 30, 1999

Entered on Duty: August 9, 1999

University of Notre Dame, B.A., 1976
University of Notre Dame, J.D., 1979

Previous Employment:

Law clerk, Hon. Joseph W. Hatchett, U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit, 1979-1980
Assistant county attorney, Hillsborough County, FL, 1980-1981
Private practice, Tampa, FL, 1981-1986
State county judge, Hillsborough County, FL, 1986-1990
U.S. Magistrate, U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Florida, 1990-1994
U.S. Attorney for the Middle District of Florida, 1994-1999

Exasperated Senate Republicans said Tuesday they have lost confidence in Convergys' ability to run the state-employee personnel system and are ready to put a stop to Gov. Jeb Bush's biggest privatization project.

"I've got to tell you, you're in serious trouble here," Sen. JD Alexander, R-Lake Wales, told Convergys lobbyist Bill Pfeiffer, who hastily asked the Governmental Oversight and Productivity Committee for time next week for the company to tell its side of the long-running controversy.

The panel agreed, with several members complaining that Convergys has already had many chances to make its case before House and Senate committees - and saying it will take a miraculous turnabout to make much difference.

what kind of man would insert himself into the Schiavo family tragedy to appease the Christian right wing, cloaking himself in a vestment of deceits rivaling a Nuremberg defendant?

It has been DeLay and his fellow travelers of prevarication who have been suggesting Terri Schiavo is sitting in her Pinellas Park hospice reading Vogue, having her eyebrows waxed and dishing gossip with her girlfriends while Michael Schiavo lingers outside her door fingering a garrote.

"She talks and she laughs and she expresses likes and discomforts," DeLay lied the other day.

Talking? Laughing? That would be a pretty neat trick considering the opinions of countless medical experts, seven years of court testimony and the conclusion of a guardian ad litem appointed by Gov. Jeb Bush, all asserting Terri Schiavo is in a persistent vegetative state.

Oh, and then there is the brain scan showing fluid has replaced brain tissue.

But the Goober of the Rio Bravo wasn't alone in treating Terri Schiavo as if she was his own personal lawn jockey of the right-to-life movement.

Martinez, of course, wouldn't think of crossing his political masters, Gov. Jeb Bush and President Bush.

one of the most important but least appreciated new political trends of the last decade -- the emergence of Florida as a national harbinger of political trends and issues. ... [O]ver the last 10 years, Florida has finally taken its place alongside California as one of the leading predictors of the political future. No longer a sleepy Southern state, retiree haven or rising Sunbelt state, Florida is now a certified, cutting edge trendsetter when it comes to national policy.

and the Republican-led Legislature last year made some dubious changes they said would protect Kidcare, the federal-state program that subsidizes health coverage for low-income children. Convinced that too many ineligible families were pushing the program beyond its budget, they required more paperwork from parents and constricted the time periods for enrollment.

It's one year later, and their changes are creating havoc in reverse.

The extraordinary steps taken by congressional Republicans to save the life of Terri Schiavo have won plaudits from evangelical Christians and other conservative activists, but some Republicans worry about a potential backlash among others who view the intervention as an overbearing use of government power.

To justify federal intervention in the private tragedy of the Schiavo family, the White House has repeatedly extolled the president's belief that he should "err on the side of life." That is a contemptible hypocrisy.

On June 23, 2000, while still governor of Texas, George W. Bush allowed the execution of Gary Graham, a man whose claim to innocence was so strong that five members of his own, notoriously sanguinary parole board had argued to spare Graham's life. So had four justices of the U.S. Supreme Court. ...

On that occasion, if not others, the policy of George W. Bush was to err on the side of death.

Orlando voters will choose a temporary replacement for suspended Mayor Buddy Dyer on May 3, while he fights a charge that he violated state elections law.

But at least one attorney said there would be an immediate court challenge of the election's validity -- as soon as today.

"We'll ask the court to fast-track it," attorney Steven Mason, who represents the Orange County Democratic Party, said Monday. "What bigger issue has been before the city in recent years?"

push to privatize more and more state functions took a hit Monday as legislators ripped into a state contract that they say was done with disturbingly little oversight.

The lobbyists don't like it at all and some legislators have questions, but a Senate committee Monday unanimously approved a bill to require lobbyists to report their fees and identify the lawmakers they wine and dine.

In a room where some of the state's best and brightest lobbyists lined the front row, members of the Senate Ethics and Elections Committee unanimously approved a bill backed by Senate President Tom Lee.

The end justifies the means.

When you have enough power, you can tell the courts to get lost, you can overrule the self-government of an entire state, you can obliterate the rule of law.

The Florida Supreme Court did state lawmakers and local government officials a favor. How long the reprieve lasts depends on how well state and local leaders address the state's sprawling development.

The justices last week ruled against putting the "Florida Hometown Democracy" measure on the 2006 ballot. They said the measure, which would give voters the final say over where new homes, shopping malls and roads are built, was faulty because "emotional rhetoric" misstated the substance of the proposed constitutional amendment.

The U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops announced a renewed campaign against the death penalty Monday, launching an education program in parishes, schools, universities and seminaries and expanding its advocacy efforts in Congress and state legislatures.

The Washington Post published a memo it said had been circulated to GOP senators. "This is an important moral issue and the pro-life base will be excited that the Senate is debating this important," the memo reportedly said.

It appeared to target Sen. Bill Nelson, Florida's top Democrat, saying, "This is a great political issue because Senator Nelson of Florida has already refused to become a cosponsor and this is a tough issue for Democrats."

Democrats said the memo revealed their opponents' real motivation.

Lawyers entered a [Tampa] Florida [federal] courthouse with a lawsuit in hand as nurses stood ready at Terri Schiavo's bedside early today after Congress approved and President Bush swiftly signed a bill that could prolong her life.

Orlando can't afford the political gamesmanship at this time.

The U.S. Senate approved a bill on voice vote this afternoon aimed at prolonging Terri Schiavo's life. ...

Sen. Mel Martinez, R-Orlando, presided over the vote, which was attended by Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist, R-Tenn., and Sen. John Warner, R-Va. None of the 97 other senators were present. ...

The House is expected to reconvene at 12:01 a.m. Monday to take up debate and then vote on the same version the Senate approved.

The promise of a "kinder and gentler" legislative session between Gov. Jeb Bush and the leaders of the two legislative chambers is in doubt.

Already, Florida Senate President Tom Lee, R-Brandon, has expressed reservations about the governor's call for tort reform, tax cuts and the overhaul of Florida's Medicaid program. Those reservations could be fighting words among those on the more ideological wing of Lee's party.

Now the word's out that the Senate president has established Floridians Uniting for a Stronger Tomorrow, a "committee of continuous existence," the local variation of a "527," to pay for direct mail campaigns or television ads to defend himself or the Florida Senate and to justify their positions on important issues facing Florida. The move may be unprecedented, but hardly a surprise.

This is Tallahassee where, during any legislative session, friendships can end and alliances can crumble. As a longtime Senate veteran, Lee knows this all too well.

The tortured case of Terri Schiavo tears up Florida Legislators, who walk a minefield of politics, ideology and religious convictions.

Republicans in the Florida House said they led the charge to keep Terri Schiavo alive for ideological reasons, saying the state should "err on the side of life" in cases where a person's end-of-life wishes are murky.

The stand also was a plus for their party, because it helps shore up the GOP with conservative anti-abortion Christians who make up a cornerstone of the Republican base.

This is an important moral issue and the pro-life base will be excited that the Senate is debating this important issue," said the memo, which was reported by ABC News and later given to The Washington Post. "This is a great political issue, because Senator Nelson of Florida has already refused to become a cosponsor and this is a tough issue for Democrats."

Republicans distanced themselves from [the] memo suggesting GOP lawmakers could use the case to appeal to Christian conservative voters and to force Democrats into a difficult vote.

There are more than a half-dozen bills on "tort reform" before the Legislature, and Gov. Jeb Bush has declared that he is "for all of them." Bush has made no secret of his interest in putting constraints on civil lawsuits, calling it necessary to create a "jobs-friendly business climate." But a number of the proposals the governor is pushing would effectively give businesses a license to take advantage of their customers.

Martinez made it clear he won't be neutral once the [Senate] campaign gets going: "I will be will be involved in that Senate race - we don't know who the candidate is going to be - just as he was involved in my Senate race."

Florida is the fourth-largest state in the nation with some 17 million residents, and it will have more than 20 million by 2010. Each year the state adds more than 300,000 residents and paves over some 200,000 acres of undeveloped land. By not paying for growth's necessities, the state invites costly problems.

A recent report by the American Society of Civil Engineers found that a third of Florida's roads are congested and estimated that congestion in the Tampa area costs commuters $742 per person per year in excess fuel and lost time. Some estimates put the state's backlog of transportation needs at $40 billion. And it faces nearly $10 billion in wastewater infrastructure needs.

Yet too often state and local leaders act as if they were stuck in a 1950s time warp and still needed to sell the state on the cheap.

Private school "entrepreneurs" have taken vouchers for students who don't exist. "Consultants" have taken fees to funnel voucher money to home-schoolers who aren't entitled to it. Voucher schools don't have to provide any proof that their students are making academic progress. Unlike Florida's public schools, voucher schools can hire teachers with no credentials or experience, and don't have to do background checks on employees. Private schools can discriminate on the basis of religion when admitting voucher students.

Against that backdrop and before passing any meaningful reforms, the House wants to increase the number of students in the corporate voucher program by 5 percent a year, up from the current cap of $88 million. Worse, legislative committees have advanced and expanded Gov. Bush's plan to provide another new voucher program. Under the House bill, which would give vouchers to students who fail the reading FCAT any two out of three years, 350,000 students would be eligible. Making the rush to balloon the voucher programs even more irresponsible, the new vouchers would divert state money to religious schools. That flaw has led Florida courts to declare that similar vouchers violate the state constitution. The issue is on appeal to the Florida Supreme Court, which has yet to schedule oral arguments.

Voucher reforms are too little too late. Voucher expansion is too much too soon. All of it is a distraction and an excuse not to give public schools the support they need. With that anti-school attitude firmly in place, real improvements will come later rather than sooner.